Cairo
Cairo is the capital of the Arab Republic of Egypt. It was established by "El-Moezz Ldine allah El-Fatmy (358 H- 969 A.D.) to be his capital. It is one of the governorates that consist of one city. The population is about 15.5 million excluding the Gza and Shubra El-Khima cities.
Cairo city lies on the east cost of the river Nile with 41542 km long. Its north bound is surrounded by the Kalubiya and the Sharkiya governorates, while on the south and west bounds are surrounded by the Giza governorate and from the east by the Suez governorate.
The Greater Cairo city is considered the semi official managerial entity which includes the Giza city with some of its suburbs and Shubra El-Khima from the Kalubiya governorate beside the Cairo governorate.
The most popular places in Cairo:
- The Egyptian Museum.
- The Three Pyramids.
- Salah El-Din Citadel.
- Hundreds of the beautiful ancient Mosques where on the top of the list is the "holly Azhar Mosque"
- The suspended church.
- The Orthodox Cathedral.
- Sixth of October Panorama.
- Cairo International Conference Center.
- The Egyptian Opera.
- The Azhar Park.
- The Egyptian book house.
- In addition to other beautiful ancient places in Egypt.
-Egypt is distinguished by its warm weather in winter and hot in summer. In addition to its important natural resources such as sand, limestone and basalt.
Fossilized Forest Protectorate:
- The Petrified Forest protectorate lies far from east maadi by 18 km. the petrified forest area is full of the petrified trees' roots and steams which is a part from a wooden mountain structure which its history goes back to the Oligocene age.
- This wooden mountain consists of sandy, pebbles, clay and petrified wood layers with thickness varies from 70 – 100 meters. These petrified roots and steams of large trees take rocket shapes that gather together to form the petrified forests.
Degla Valley Protectorate:
- Degla Valley protectorate is located eastern the maadi city in the east desert. The valley passes by clay stones that had been precipitated in the aquatic environment during the Eocene age in the east desert (60 million years ago), that’s why it is full of excavations. The height of the rocks on the sides of the valley is about 50 meters in addition to many valleys that are connected to the Degla valley.
- The valley has many living organisms including mammals such as: dears, mountain rabbits, and red foxes, rats with feathery tail, oviparous, spiny mouse and bats with small tail, in addition to other types. Also there are insects and about 18 kinds of reptiles.
The national day: sixth of October.
Symbol: El-Azhar Mosque and the Islamic minaret
Alexandria
Beginning of the story: in 332 B.C., when Alexander the great moved with his big army to invade Egypt. He entered the capital "Memphis" and was crowned king of the whole country and visited "Amon" temple in Siwa. The Egyptians considered him the one who will rescue them from the Persians' injustice. On his return from siwa he passed by a small village on the sea coast called "Raa Kadet" which means the village established by the God Raa, then its name was changed to be "Rakoda" then changed again to "Pharoce island". Alexander liked its position on the sea and decided to establish a city to have his name. Also the Alexandrian lighthouse has been established and it is considered one of the seven world wonders in ancient history.
The Alexandria governorate is the second capital to the Arab Republic of Egypt. It is the biggest city after Cairo and it is the biggest harbor in Egypt. Its population is about 3341000.
Alexandria's districts:
- Alexandria down town district.
- East Alexandria district.
- Montaza district.
- Gomrok district.
- El-Amirya district.
- There are two cities are included: Arab Tower city and the new Arab Tower city.
The most popular places in Alexandria:
- Kaitbay citadel.
- The Roman Greek Museum.
- The new Alexandrian bibliotheque.
(For more information visit the web site: http://www.bibalex.gov.eg)
- Mahmoud Saeed Museum institute.
For more information about Alexandria governorate, we advice you to visit it or go to the following web site: http://www.alexculture.gov.eg/
Ismaelya
- Ismaelya is the eastern gate to the Arab Republic of Egypt, whereas you can go to the Arab and the Islamic countries and all the other Asian countries.
- Ismaelya governorate centralizes the Canal governorates which are: Suez, Port Said, north and south Sinai and the Sharkiya governorates.
The National Day:
- The sixteenth of October from each year is the national day for the Ismaelya governorate; it is when the Ismaelyians revolted against the invaders. It is considered a special day in the history of the Egyptian struggle and fight against the invaders, that is because on this day in 1951 a series of major events had started which resulted great effects all over the world.
- It began when the high school students in the Ismaelya School gathered in a huge demonstration leaded by university students and workers. The demonstration moved to the station square where the British army consumption institute "Naphy" is, the demonstration destroyed and burnt it.
- Curfew was applied and the city's districts were isolated from each other. Series of revolting events continued till it reached its peak on January, 25th, 1952 when the Egyptian policemen showed the best examples of loyalness and braveness for defending the country. They faced by their guns against the invaders' troops armed with their artillery and tanks.
- By the next day there was the famous accident, when Cairo was burnt and the revolution actions started again. All these events assisted in the occurrence of July revolution in 1952.
The Ismaelya governorate is divided into: 5 headquarters, 7 cities and 91 villages.
- The cities are: Ismaelya, the Big Hill, Fayde, East arcade and west arcade in addition to 2 new cities which are: Abu El-Sowir and Kassassine.
Area:
- The total area of the governorate is 4482.8 km2 with population equal to 776403. While the area of the Ismaelya city only is 1323.5 km2 with population equal to 471010.
- Ismaelya is famous by its many clubs, visiting places, touristy places and huge green areas and parks.
- In Ismaelya we can find places where you can have fun, conferences, sports, water sports, and the Ismealya's famous festivals in addition to the ancient and therapy tourism.
The tourism visitation in the governorate:
- The ancient museum. – Naaymya and Gamaline hill.
- Delisips museum.
- Tabet El-Shagara.
- Area number six.
- Abu Atwa tanks museum.
- Memorial of October 1973 victory.
- Police museum.
- El-Mrrra lakes.
- Crocodile Lake.
- El-Mlaaha gardens.
Al – Fayoum
- Now we will take a nice tour where we can eat ducks, swim in Karoun Lake and see the seven waterwheels and Rayan valley protectorate, but before doing so we have to know well our governorate.
The Origin of the name Al - Fayoum:
- Al-Fayoum was first called in old ages "Mire Wire" which means the great sea because the water used to cover all the low areas in the city. Then it was called "Shidet" which means the Lake.
- While in the Greek and the roman ages it was called "Ber Sobak" which means the house of God Sobak because the area was inhabited by the crocodiles and these crocodiles were adored and had the name Sobak.
- Then the name was changed to be "Arsiuny" after the king's sister name, and it was mentioned in the ancient Egyptian writings by the name "Bi Yam" which means the Lake finally it was changed to be Fayoum and when the Arabs entered Egypt they added the Arabic definite article to be called Al – Fayoum.
Logo:
- The logo consists of the waterwheels and eagle. As for the flag the waterwheels are drawn due to their importance for the agriculture. These waterwheels are put in yellow frame representing the desert surrounding Al – Fayoum and the background of the flag is green representing the most important activity in it which is the agriculture.
The national day of the governorate:
- On the 15th of March in every year Al – Fayoum celebrates its national day in the memory of the public demonstration against the British invaders in 1919 revolution, that is besides it is the day when the anti-bilharzias disease project started and finishing the Rayan Village project in addition that this date is spring time in Al – Fayoum where there you can find real beauty.
Tourism Tours in Al – Fayoum governorate:
- There are many types of tourism in Al – Fayoum such as the environmental, safari, cultural and joyful tourism.
- The most important attraction factors for tourism in Al – Fayoum are:
* The moderate warm weather.
* Its location is near to Cairo.
* Full of the historical and cultural places from the old ages. There you can find Pharos, Roman, Coptic and Islamic monuments.
* There are many cultural places to visit in addition to the arts and Folklores.
* Also you can see the beauty of nature.
Al – Fayoum Honorable History:
• During the French military expedition: there were two main battles held in Al – Fayoum:
1. Sendmint Mountain Battle: where the Bedouins faced the French army leaded by Dyzia in octobre 1799 and they killed 340 French soldiers.
2. Al – Fayoum City Battle: on the 8th of November 1799 when Al – Fayoum people attacked the French Camps they were 2000 fighters from the farmers and Bedouins.
• Oraby Revolution: when Al – Fayoum people participated in the Oraby Revolution under the leadership of the Rowabby Basha.
• 1919 revolution: the Bedouins leaded by Hamed Basha attacked the police station and 400 people were killed.
Karoun Lake:
- The Lake is located in the North Western part of the governorate, it is considered the oldest natural lake in the world and it is characterized by the important geological components. It contains rare different plants and inhabited by many birds some of which are emigrants and some are residents.
- Also there where some ancient mammals that aged 10 million years were discovered in the protectorate, in addition to the oldest monkey in world and some petrified trees.
- There you can find pharos, roman, Coptic monuments such as the churches area, El-Sagha temple and Karoun palace temple.
Rayan Valley:
- It is located in the south western part of the governorate; it consists of upper and lower lakes and waterfalls area connecting the two lakes. Also there is the Rayan water springs south the lower lake; these springs are surrounded by the Rayan Mountain. Near by the lower lake you can find El – Madoura mountain area.
- The Rayan Valley is characterized by its complete desert environment including the sandy hills, different plants and animals and also some ancient aquatic organisms. It has 15 different kinds from wild animals and different kinds of eagles.
If you want to know more information about Al – Fayoum governorate you can visit the website:
http://www.fayoum.com
Suez
Our trip is now in one of the important governorates in Egypt and firmly established with honorable history. I know that you are smart and you definitely knew it…. It is the Suez governorate.
History:
- Its history goes back to the pharos ages (2562 BC – 2300 BC) as it was one of the citadels that were protecting the east desert from any invaders. These citadels were rebuilt in the Persia age.
- Suez was famous in old ages by the Chalzem as the Romans called it and then the Arab called it El-Kalzem. In the tenth century the name was changed to be the Suez governorate. Also it has a special importance as it is the first station on the Hajj trip on the sea road.
Location:
- The Suez governorate is one of the Canal governorates. It is an urban governorate consists of one city and lies north the delta and North West the Suez bay also at the south entrance to the Suez Canal.
- It is surrounded from the north the Ismaelya governorate and North Sinai governorate, from the south there is the red sea governorate and from the south the south Sinai while from the east you can find Cairo governorate and the Gizza governorate.
The National Day:
- On October, 24th, 1973 the Suez people made a public demonstration and opposition cooperation with police and army forces to defend the city from the Israeli troops and they were able to stop them from entering the city, this was during the Ramadan – October 1973 war. Since this day and October 24th is the national day to the Suez governorate.
Suez governorate consists of four main districts:
1. District forty: it is more likely to be a folk district and many inhabitant areas had been established such the Sadat, El-Obore and El-Eman areas.
2. Atikaa District: it is the industrial district in the governorate and it was one of the development projects in the north Suez bay. It includes all the industrial firms and many of the inhabitant constructions are established such as: Faisel, El-Sebh, 24 October, future and many other areas.
3. Suez District: it is the oldest district in the governorate. It includes most of the public entities, Port Tawfik harbor and the free trade area.
4. El-Genain District: it is a country side district as it contains many arable lands and it lies in the area of the martyr Ahmed Hamdy Tunnel and Mousa springs.
For more information about the governorate visit the website:
http://www.suez.gov.eg
Port Said
I think we all heard about Port Saeed and its famous harbor where ships go there from all over the world. Well if have not heard about it don not worry we will visit it now and tell you everything about it.
- Port Saeed is a compound name, the first part of the name is port which means the harbor and the word Saeed is the name of Egypt governor at this time called Mohamed Saeed Basha.
- In the international committee summit in 1855 agreed to name the new seaport that it is suggested to establish on the north of the canal "Port Saeed". In April 25th, 1859 the Egyptian flag was raised on the harbor.
Location:
- The governorate is located in northern east Lower Egypt at the north gate of the Suez Canal and it is surrounded from the north by the Mediterranean Sea, from the south by the Manzala Lake and the Ismaelya governorate, while from the south east there is the Dakahliya and El-Sharkiya governorate. From the west there is the Domyate governorate and finally from the east it is surrounded by north Sinai. The governorate total area is about 134496 km2.
History:
- Port Saeed history has many stages such as:
From 1959 – 1902: the harbor was not prepared during this period but it was then developed to perform the international sea services.
From 1903 – 1930: an attack occurred which affected its performance.
From 1957 till now there is kind of stability and many projects were preformed and many taxes laws were issued.
- Also through port Saeed history there are many critical events such as:
The triple attack in 1956 after the nationalization of the Suez Canal and the Port Saeed people defeated the British army.
The Israeli attack in 1967which resulted to the migration the inhabitants to other governorates in 1969 and the Suez Canal was closed.
The Egyptian army victory in 1973 by crossing the Canal and the return of the people to their homes.
The Port Saeed announcement of being a free trade area in 1975 and the opening of the Suez Canal once again after it has been closed for eight years because of war.
The important occasions in the governorate:
- The victory day December 23rd.
- The reopening of the Suez Canal June 5th.
- The Canal crossing war October 6th.
- Easter celebration that are held in the streets and squares.
The industrial area in the governorate:
- Free industrial area.
- The industrial area that is located in the northern the bifurcation and south Port Fouad.
- C9 industrial area.
- Projects east the bifurcation.
- Industrial area south the governorate.
- Internal investment.
- C8, C6 and C1 industrial areas.
The Important National Industries:
- Building ships in the port Fouad shipyard.
- Spin and textile industry in the port Saeed spin company.
- Artificial fabrics, ropes and bags industry in the rope companies.
- Liquidized gases industries.
- Ice and storing industries.
The important Investment Industries:
- Metal and Engineering industries.
- Aluminum doors and windows production.
- Marble industry.
- Clothes and shoes industries.
- Candy industries.
- Sun heaters production.
- Cleaners and chemical industries.
If you want more details visit the website:
http://port-said.com
Al Sharkiya
Al Sharkiya governorate is one of the middle and east delta regions. From the north you can find the Mazala Lake and from the south there is the Kalubiya governorate. On the east there is the Ismaelya governorate and from the west there is the Gharbiya governorate.
- The governorate is divided into 13 headquarters and 15 cities. Al Sharkiya governorate is one of the biggest agricultural governorates in Egypt and it is also famous by raising the Arab horses in the Hesinya Headquarter.
- The capital of the governorate is the Zakazik city which includes the Zakazik University. The east land was the main gate to the invaders to pass through, armies and prophets to Egypt. The total area of the governorate is about 4911 km2 and its population is 5.8 million according to census 2005 given that its population capacity is about 6 people/ km2.
Important headquarters and cities:
- Abu Hamad.
- Abu Kabire.
- Awlade Saker.
- Hesinya.
- Diribe Negim.
- Salhiya.
- 10th of Ramadan.
- Fakous.
- Kafer Saker.
- Mina El-Amih.
- Hhiya.
- Ibrahimya.
The National Day:
- Al Sharkiya governorate in September 9th every year is the national day of the governorate in the memorial of the Orabi Revolution. Ahmed Orabi is from the Hriya Razna village in the zakazik headquarter. He leaded a revolution against the foreign invaders during the ruling of the khedive Tawfik in 1881.
History of the governorate:
- In old ages Al Sharkiya was district 12 from the Lower Egypt districts and its old capital is "Bubastah" which became in certain decade in Egypt history the main capital of the whole country.
- Al Sharkiya was established in its recent shape in the Fatimya decade and it was divided in small villages then these villages were combined together to form the governorate and it was named Al Sharkiya because it lies in the east side to Lower Egypt.
- In year 1315 Hejry it was named the Sharkiya Workings and in 1527 it was called the Sharkiya State.
The Celebrities From Al Sharkiya:
- Ahmed Orabi.
- The Economist Talaat Harb.
- The Writer Yousif Idrece.
For more details visit the website:
http://www.sharkia.gov.eg
El-Dakahliya
El-Dakahliya governorate is considered one of the oldest governorates in the republic. It was named after a village called "Dakahla" which is an old village that is located in "El-Zerka" headquarters in Domiyate governorate.
- The Dakahliya governorate is located in the northern east section of the delta near the domiyate branch, and its capital is the "Mansoura" city.
- It is surrounded from the east by the Sharkiya governorate and from the west there is the Gharbiya governorate. While from the north there is the Mediterranean Sea, from the north east lies the Domiyate governorate and from the North West you can find the Kafer El-Shikh governorate, finally in the south there is the Kalubiya governorate.
- The Dakahliya governorate consists of 14 headquarter and 3 cities, they are as follows: El-Manzala, El-Gamaliya, Dakrnas, Meet Ghamer, Gamasa, Aga, Akhatab, Belkes, El-Sinbelawin, Shirbine, Talkha, El-Mansoura, Menyat El-Nasr, Bany Abid, Meet Slsyl, El-Kourdy, Timmy El-Amdid, El-Matariya and Nbrowa.
- The total population of the governorate according to the census of 1/1/2003 about 4746961 with total area equals to 3459 km2 and the capitals are El-Mansoura and Arouse El-Nile Cities.
- The National Day of the governorate is on May, the 7th, it is the memorial of arresting the French king in Ebn – Lokman house in 1250.
- There are some important industries in the governorate such as: fertilizers, chemical industries, textiles and clothes, oil and soap industries, wood, rice, cotton ginning, dairy products and printing and press.
- Also there are major projects in the governorate for example as building bridges, beet sugar factories in Belkas and Natural gas production in addition to the Shurok project for rural development and irrigating projects.
- There are many tourism places in the governorate such as: El-Rabbe hill, Timmy El-Amdid hill, El- Blamoon hill, Bllaa hill, El-Mikdam hill, Ibn Lokman house, priest Dimyana monastery and priest Margrigis church, Hassan Touhar museum and Shagaret El-Dorre Park.
For more details visit the web-site:
http://www.dakahliya.gov.eg
Al kalubiya
- It is one of the republic governorates and its capital is Banhaa EL-Assal. The governorate is located in the Eastern area of the Nile at the head of the delta. The south is surrounded by Cairo and Gizza governorates and from the north you can find El-Dakahliya and El-Gharbiya governorates. While from the East there is El-Sharkiya governorate and finally from the west there is the Monufiya governorate.
- The total area of the governorate is about 1001.09 km2 and the total population according to the census of January 2001 is about 3686804.
- Governorate Logo: the logo consists of gear, 2 spikenards and arch, the logo represents the important activities in the governorate, which are as follows:
Spikenard: represents the agricultural activities in the governorate. The most famous agricultures are the vegetables and fruits.
Arch: which is found in the Kanater El-Khayriya, it controls the water Nile to irrigate the whole area of the delta. Out of this arch there are three Rayahat (Lakes) which are El-Bhiry, El-Monufiya and El-Tawfiky which contributes to great extent in providing water to the delta during the whole year.
Gear: represents the industrial activity in the governorate as it includes the biggest industrial area in the republic, such as Shubra El-Khima in addition to many factories in EL-Khanka, Kalube, Banhaa and Kahaa.
- National Day: Annually the governorate celebrates in August, 30th its national day. It is the memorial of the opening of the Kanater El-Khairiya in 1868 with total area equal to 500 Fadans of the area of the city.
- The governorate has 8 headquarters which are: Banhaa, Kalube, Shubra El-Khima, El-Khanka, Kafer Shoukre, Shiebine El-Kanater and Toukh.
- The governorate is famous by its agricultural activity which produces important crops such as fruits and vegetables for example as: maize, cotton, wheat, bananas, citrons and apricots, in addition to all kinds of vegetables. These crops are considered the main source of food to the people in Cairo.
Kafer El-Sheikh
Kafer El-Sheikh governorate is located in the north of Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea coast with 100 km long. It is surrounded from the west by the Rashid branch with coast equal to 85 km long until it pores in the Mediterranean Sea. From the east, it is surrounded by the Dakahliya governorate and from the south there is the Gharbiya governorate.
- It pharos name was "Dimlkoun" then it became Kafer El-Sheikh Talhaa it is named after the imam Talhaa Abi Saeed Ebn Medeen El-Telmsani given that his family grand grand father is the imam El-Hussien Ebn Ali Ebn Abi Taleb.
- The governorate total population is equal to 469893 and its total area is equal to 3748 km2. The national day of the governorate is on November 4th in the memorial of El-Borulse was in 1956.
- The capital of the governorate is Kafer El-Sheikh headquarter which includes 9 main villages, 38 small villages and 246 manors. The main villages and the extended small villages are as follows:
Masire: Menyit Masire, Metboul, Kafer Metboul, El-Tayfaa, Kafer El-Tayfaa.
Mahlet Mousa: Rezka Ammay, Abaadiya El-Roda, Roinyaa, El-Nataff.
Kafer El-Hamrawi: Kafer Abu Table, El-Kerdaa, Shino, Rezkaa El-shinawi, Defriya, Kafer Defriya.
Dekalt: Adrbgaa, Abu Tmadaa, Monshat El-Saff.
Sidi Ghazy: Dekmira, Nassra, El-Khadeen, Kafer El-Mrabeen.
Ashakaa: Karraga, Btitaa, Kafer Asskar, El-Shmarkaa.
Arimoon: Halice, Kafer El-Menshaa El-Bahery.
El-Hamraa: El-Hudod, ElTrabiya, Sandlaa, El-Bkhanice, Mahlet El-Kassab, Belshashaa, El-Kafer El-Gadid, Mostafa Kamel.
- The governorate is famous by its rice, beet, wheat and cotton production. Also there are many industries such as beet sugar, soap, rice and cotton ginning.
- The tourism visits in the governorate is divided into the following:
1. Amusement tourism: such as Balteem, El-Berulose Lake and Dusoke park.
2. Religious tourism: such as Sidy Ibrahim El-Dusoky Mosque and the virgin Marry church.
3. Historical and ancient tourism: such as Sakha, El-fraaeen hill, Kberyit hill and Saad Zaghloul house in Abiyana village, Mtoubse headquarter.
4. Internal Tourism; such as Adfina arch, Military antiques as El-Ayash and Orabi Tabya in Balteem and military antiques from the era of Mohamed Ali Family.
El – Behera
El – Behera governorate is one of Egypt governorates and its capital is the "Damenhour" city. It is located in the east of the delta and surrounded from the north by the Mediterranean Sea while from the east there is the Rashid Branch.
- From the west there are Alexandria and Matrouh governorates, and finally the Gizza governorate from the south. The total area of the governorate is 9826 km2 and the total population according to census 2001 about 4.34 million.
- September 19th 1807, is the memorial of the national day of the governorate, it was when the British military campaign under the leadership of "Frasier" withdrew from Egypt.
- The important cities in the governorate are as follows: Rashid, Shabrakhite, Etay El-baroud, Abu Hhemce, Housh Essa, Kafer El-Doware, El-Delengate, Koum Hamada, Damenhour, El-Mahmoudiya, Edko, Abu El-Matamire, El-Rahmaniya, New El-Noubariya and El-Natroun valley. In addition to 16 headquarters in the governorate.
- The governorate contributes in the industrial activities such as: textile, spinning, carpets, ginning cotton, chemicals, and dyeing.
Important Monuments in the Governorate:
- Kaitbay Citadel: it is located on the eastern coast of the Nile in Rashid. It was established by the Sultan El-Ashraf Abu El-Nasr Kaitbay at the end of the Mamluke age. It is an independent building 60 meters long and the width of its walls is 4.5 meters.
- Rashid Museum: it is held in one of the ancient houses with 4 floors in Rashid city which is history goes back to the first half from the 18th century.
- El-Amsilly House: it was established by Othman Agha El-Tobgy in 1213. it is a beautiful Islamic architecture antique whereas its carpentries are inlaid by ivory and jewelry in addition to beautiful Arabic variegations. It was established in the Mamlukes ages.
- Memorial Statue: it is a large portrait documenting the digging of the Mahmoudiya Lake and has some writings in Turkish but it was recently translated into Arabic. It was first hanged in the big mosque in the mahmoudiya but was then moved at the head of the Lake.
- El-Natroun valley monastery: where there are all the tombs of the orthodox priests. The monastery is found in El-Natroun desert.
- King Farouk Palace: in Edfina which became the location of the veterinary medicine school, Alexandria University.
- Edkoo Malahate (Lakes).
- El-Baladiya Theater: that became a cinema recently. It was established in form of the opera house during the ruling of the khedive Ismael ruling.
- El-Baladiya library: which was established during the khedive Ismael ruling.
- Law School: that became the agricultural school recently. The building is considered a beautiful architecture antique established during the khedive Ismael ruling.
- Edfina Arch.
- El-Ateff electric station: located in the Mahmoudiya. It used work by burning the charcoal from a century.
Giza
The Giza governorate is located in the northern part of the Nile valley. Its south borders reach the Bany–Suef governorate and it reaches El – Behera governorate in the north. It is separated from the western side of El-Monufiya governorate by Rashid City Lake, while from the eastern side there is Cairo governorate.
- It is one of greater Cairo governorates and it is located directly on the Nile bank. It has many famous ancient pharos monuments such as: the pyramids, sphinx, Sakara pyramid, Abu Sire and Midoum.
- The governorate includes some oases which have mountains and valleys with beautiful scenes in addition to water springs. Also there is an industrial area in the governorate which is found on the Egypt – Alexandria road at mark 28.8 and its total area is about 1000 fadans.
Important industrial areas:
- El-Korymatte: it is near to the raw materials' sources which are needed for the main industries in the area such as marbles and bricks in addition to packing vegetables and fruits.
- Thmaa El-Ayatte: it is a desert area with 10 thousands Fandans, it is a suitable area for establishing all kinds of small and medium enterprises.
- El-Saff area: it includes the bricks area and about 1500 Fadans were added to the area to be an industrial area and producing all kinds of thermal products.
- Berkash area: (which is Embaba headquarter and Osime city) that is specialized in food industries. The environmental aspects will be taken into consideration to prevent pollution. The industrial area will be well planed and all the needs will be provided.
- The Giza governorate is considered agricultural, industrial and tourism governorate that’s why it has to put restriction on its industrial activity to protect its monuments from the industrial pollution.
- March 21st is the national day of the governorate, in the memorial of facing the British invaders in 1919.
El–Gharbiya
El–Gharbiya is located in the middle of the delta and it is surrounded from the north by Kafer Ell-Sheikh governorate. Its south borders are surrounded by El-Monufiya governorate, while from the west there is Domiyate Nile branch and east the Rashid Nile branch.
- Due to the special location of the governorate, it is an important station for railways and mailings whereas it is connected with all the areas all over the republic by a good transportation net.
- Its capital is Tanta city which is far from Cairo governorate by about 90 km and far from Alexandria governorate by about 120 km. the governorate total area is 1943.3 km2. its weather is warm in winter but hot and dry in summer that is because of its location near the coast.
- The Governorate Logo: the governorate takes a golden gear within it there is a minaret of a mosque and the cupola of El-Ahmady mosque. The logo represents the industrial development and ancient monuments and the religious antiques in the governorate.
- The National Day: the governorate celebrates its national on October 7th, in the memorial of El-Gharbiya people victory on the French military campaign in 1798.
- The important headquarters and cities: El-Mahlaa El-Kubraa, Tanta, Zeftaa, Semnoud, El-Santta and Besyoun.
- The governorate includes many industrial activities such as textile and weaving, dyeing and electric equipment in El-Mahlaa El-Kubraa, Tanta, Zefta, Semnoud and Kafer El-Zayatte. Tanta is famous also by its dairy products, while Kutoure and Besyoun is famous by producing Perfumes.
- The governorate it famous by many industrial activities especially in the private sector that is in addition to the candy production that governorate is famous by.
- The famous celebrities from the governorate: Mostafa Kamel, Mostafa El-Nhass, Egypt first President Mohamed Nagib, the author Mostafa Sadek El-Rafay, the musician Abdu El-Hamuly and the foot ball player Ahmed Shubire.
- The Monuments in the Governorate: the governorate includes many old monuments areas in the delta which where Egypt's old capitals all over the history:
The Islamic Monuments:
- El-Ahmady Mosque in Tanta City, the mosque was established by Sultan Kaitbay.
- El-Amery Mosque in El-Mahlaa El-Kubraa, it was established in 1114 in the Fatimiya era.
- El-Motually Mosque in El-Mahlaa El-Kubraa, it was established 1427 BC and it is considered one of the important ancient mosques in the city.
- Abi El-Fadle El-Waziry Mosque in El-Mahlaa El-Kubraa, it was established by the Mamelukes. Inside it there is a marble column written over it the Mosque's ancient history.
- Ahmed El-Begam mosque in Ebyare is one of the famous and oldest mosques and it was established by Diyaa El-din Radwan in 629 Hejry.
The Pharos Monuments:
- Sane Lhager village (Sawo-Says): Besyoun headquarter. It was Egypt's capital during the 26th family ruling.
- Abu Sirbena village (Bu-Abu Zire): Semnoud which the main site to God Ozorise and the capital of region 9 of Upper Egypt's regions.
- Semnoud city (Theb-Nether): it was Egypt's capital during the 30th family ruling and the famous historian Manitoon.
- Behebt El-Hegara (Ber- Hebit): Semnoud headquarter and it was the location for God Ezis temple.
The Coptic Monuments:
- The virgin Marry church in the Sagha area in Tanta and it is marked by it beautiful architecture.
- Martyr Refkaa church in Senbatt, it is the oldest churches in the governorate. Its history goes back to 1463 BC.
- The virgin Marry church in Ebyare which its history goes back to 1820 BC.
- The virgin Marry church in Semnoud and it is considered one of the most famous churches and it has the tomb of the Martyr Abanoub.
- Mary Grigis church in El-Mahlaa El-Kubraa.
El-Monufiya
El-Monufiya governorate is located in the middle of the delta between the two Nile branches Rashid and Domiyate. It is in the form of a triangle whereas its head is in the south and the base is in the north.
- The governorate is extended east the Rashid branch it include El-Sadat city and its capital is Shibne El-kome. The total area of the governorate is 2554 km2 whereas the country side part covers about 1773 km2 which is 70 % of the total area. And according to the census of 2001 the total population of the governorate is 3112400.
- The governorate contains 9 headquarters which are: Ashmone, El-Bagoure, Berket El-Sabaa, Monuf, Sadat city, Serce El-Liyan, Telaa, El-Shouhadaa, Shibne El-Kome and Kowasna.
- The important industries in the governorate: textile and spinning, marbles, oils, wood and metal products, plastic and chemical products and sandy bricks in addition to other industries.
- The tourism and monuments visits in the governorate:
*Sidy Mohamed Shible El-Aswad Mosque.
*Donshway museum that is found in El-Khaleda city which started the first attacks against the British invaders in 1906. The museum contains many pictures and historical documents.
*There are many mosques in the governorate such as: El-Arbaeen, Sidy Salah El-Din, Sidy Shehab El-Din, Sidy Mazroue and Sidy Younis. All these mosques have the tombs of their owners.
- From the governorate famous celebrities: Imam El-Bagoury, Sheikh the Azhar mosque
Matrouh
Matrouh governorate is located in the Northern West corner of the republic. Its Mediterranean coast is 40 km long; the coast starts from the kilo 41 west Alexandria till El-Saloum West. Its west boundary is surrounded by Libya with borders 400 km long which is extended till South Siwa.
- While from the south there are the New Valley and the Gizza governorates. The total area of the governorate is about 166563 thousands km2 which is about 20 % of Egypt's total area. And the governorate national day is in August 24th.
- The governorate has 8 headquarters which are: El-Hamam, El-Alameen, El-Dabaa, Matrouh, El-Negilaa, Berany, El-Saloum and Siwa. And from the most popular acitivities in the governorate are: grazing and planting some important crops such as Olive, wheat, watermelon, figs, dates and barleys.
- The important tourism visits in Masraa Matrouh:
Coptic Church: This was established in the beginning of the Coptic age, in addition to some caves having ancient drawings.
Romile hiding: This is rocky caves that Romile used to put his military plans. This hiding became a military museum.
Cleopatra Spa: it is located at the top of the hills. It consists of a rock that lies 50 meters far from the coast, you can get there by a boat, walking or by a car.
El-Abyad Coast: that is located 30 km west Matrouh. It is more beautiful than Marsaa Matrouh coast.
Agibaa Coast: that is located 28 km west Marsaa Matrouh, the coast has many natural caves and beautiful sites.
Raas El-Hikma Coast: it is located 85 km east Matrouh and it is famous by its quiet coast.
Domiyat
The Domiyate governorate is considered Egypt's Mediterranean coast gate. It is located in the northern part of the delta and east Domiyate Nile branch. It is a peninsula surrounded by the Mediterranean from the north and El-Manzala Lake from the East. It is divided by the river Nile into two parts. The delta farms are found in the South West part of the governorate.
- There are many industries in the governorate such as the furniture and candy industries, in addition to planting important crops such as: wheat, rice, cotton, maize, potatoes, lemon, grapes and tomatoes.
- Also you can go to the famous summer resort "Rass El-Bare" there you can see the intersection point between the river Nile and the Mediterranean Sea. The capital is Domiyate city. It has 4 headquarters, which are: Domiyate, Kafer Saad, Farskoure and El-Zerkaa.
- Domiyate enjoys Mediterranean weather whereas it is hot dry in summer and warm rainy in winter. Its total area is about 1029 km2 which is about 5% of the total area of the delta. The total population is about million and 100 thousands with growth rate equal to 2.09%.
- The governorate logo: it consists of a boat with 2 sails which represents the fishing activity in the governorate. The boat also is drawn inside a circle which represents the contribution and the cooperation of the people in the governorate, this contribution is the main principle in the fishing activity.
- The National Day: on May, 8th the governorate celebrates its national day in the memorial of it victory against the 7th crusade with its leader Louis the 9th,in Farskoure battle. The crusade withdrew from the city on May 8th 1250 B.C.
- The origin of the name:
* During the Greek and Roman ages Domiyate was known by the name "Tamiyatis" and during the Coptic age was know by "Tamiyat" and sometimes "Tamiyati". The scientists made different opinions about the origin of the name, whereas the scientist "Daricy" assumed that the name "Dematt – N – Betah – Tenn" which means the city of God Betah – Tenn which is the name of the ancient Egyptian in Domiyate.
* While the scientist "Nerteah" that the city which was mentioned during the 11th family which is "Damatty" or could be an Egyptian city lies on Palestine coast and it was called "Tameet" that lies at the Nile mouth which the recent known Domiyate. He also assumed the origin of the word is "Demeet" or "Demmy" which means the city.
- Domiyate important historical visits: Amer Ebn El-Aass Mosque, El-Bahre mosque, Marry George church, El-Matbouly school and mosque, the virgin church, the Roman orthodox church, El-Maeny moaque and El-Manzala Lake.
For more details about the governorate visit the website:
Aswan
The Governorate Flag:
- The flag's background is blue representing the water in Nasser Lake. The logo is in golden yellow consists of gear representing industry and inside the gear there are high electric towers representing the electric generators in the high dam, in the middle of the logo there is the Aswan tank.
The name and the meaning;
- Aswan is the best winter resort in Egypt even all over the whole world. There you can find warm dry weather and raising sun in addition to the quietness that is spread all over the place, even the boats sealing over the Nile surface complete the beauty of the scene.
- "Sono" was the name of Aswan in ancient Egyptian language and it means the market whereas it was a famous trade area. Then came the Greek and changed its name to be "Ceen", but then the Coptic called it "Swan" finally in the sixth century the Arab pronounced it "Aswan".
Location:
- Aswan governorate is located in the southern part of the Arab Republic of Egypt at 22 latitudes north the equator. It is surrounded from the north by the Keena governorate, from the east there is the Red Sea governorate, on the west there is the New Valley governorate and finally from the south there the Republic of the Sudan.
- Aswan city the capital of the governorate is located on the east coast of the Nile. It starts from the plain on the Nile coast and ends at the hills at the edge of the east desert highland. The Aswan city is 85 meters over the sea level and 879 km away from Cairo with area equals to 34608 km2.
Geographic:
The geographic in Aswan is divided into three parts:
1. Plain part: it is the part that is beside the Nile. It is narrow in the south and it widens when moving to the north.
2. Moderate height part: it is the ancient Aswan city on the high green hill that became widened in the east and in the west.
3. Desert area: that lies east Aswan till west the Nile.
Climate:
- Aswan is hot in summer and warm in winter but it is more likely to be continental weather whereas the difference between the greater degree and the lower degree in temperature is big during the whole year.
The ancient monuments in Aswan city:
- EL-Fintine Island.
- Temples of the Island.
- Nile Measurement.
- Agilika Island.
- Amoon Island.
- Nobles Tombs.
- Monastery of priest Samaan.
- The incomplete obelisk.
- Phyla Temple.
- Calabash Temple.
- Temple of the ruler house.
The ancient monuments in Abu Simbol city:
- The big Abu Simbol Temple (Ramsis the great).
- The small Abu Simbol Temple.
The ancient monuments in Com Ambo city:
- Com Ambo Temple.
The ancient monuments in Edpho city;
- Edpho Temple.
- Monuments in the Kab area.
New monuments:
- High Dam.
- Nuba Museum.
- Aswan Museum.
- Plants Island.
- Aghakan tomb.
- The unknown solider grave.
- Amoon city.
- Natural Protectorates: Saluga and Ghazal Protectorate – Allaky valley Protectorate – Elba Natural Protectorate.
Therapy tourism:
- Aswan is famous by the therapy tourism; it is the destination for those who want to be cured from many diseases such as rheumatism that was cured by primary means by covering the patient's body by the hot desert sands.
Luxor
- The Luxor city has been always been a witness to the grandness of the ancient Egyptian seven thousand years of civilization. Luxor is an open museum where you can watch ancient history and recent history.
- Luxor city is included in south Upper Egypt region, is located in the north between 25 and 36 longitudes and in the East between 32 and 33 latitudes.
- It is far from:
• South Cairo by 670 km.
• North Aswan city by220 km.
• South East Hurghada by 280 km.
- The Luxor city is divided into two halves: East mainland and West mainland separated by the river Nile. The East mainland was called the city of the livings in the old ages where you can find the religious temples, royal palaces and the ordinary houses of the public, while the West mainland was also called the city of the dead where you can find the tombs and the funereal temples.
Luxor City's National Day:
- On the 4th of November in each year Luxor celebrates it national day. This date is coincident with the memorial of exploring the tomb of the king Tout Ankh Amoon, one of the kings in the 18th pharos family, which ruled Egypt (1347 BC– 1336 BC). The tomb was discovered by the British archeologist Hawerd Carter.
The managerial headquarters and the area of the Luxor City:
- There are five districts in Luxor which are: El-Awamiya, the ancient Karnack, the new Karnack, El-Amirya Buliding and El-Karnna.
- The total area of Luxor is 416 km2 including the desert hinterland.
- The inhabitant area is about 208 km2 which is about 50 % of the total area of Luxor.
- The population is 376022.
The West Mainland:
1. Valley of the Kings: It is a wide open area between the Karnna Mountains. It had been chosen by Thebes's kings to put their tomb and mummies.
2. Valley of the Queens: The most famous royal tombs there is the Queen Nevertary tomb, she was King Ramsis the second wife.
3. El-Baharry Monastery: It is the funereal temple of the great and most famous Queen in Egypt Queen Hatshibsute (1490 BC – 1469 BC). She was crowned to the throne after her brother and husband Tohotmos the second" death. The temple is unique in its architectural design, it was designed by Sinmout whom she loved and promoted his rank from the public to the elite rank in the royal palace.
4. Ramsiyoum temple: It was established by King Ramsis the second, one of the 19th family's kings. Many events are recorded on the temple's walls such as Kadish war and many different religious scenes showing the relation between the king and the Gods.
5. Habu City Temple: It was established by king Ramsis the third, one of the 20th family's kings. On the temple's walls recorded scenes of the Mediterranean wars, religious scenes, sports games, hunting trips…etc.
6. The Two Statues of Memnoun: These statues are the only remaining from the funereal temple of the pharaoh Amenhotob the third. Each one of them is 19.20 meters high they were built to be the entree of the temple which was collapsed leaving behind these two statues to be the only witnesses to the beauty of the temple and the greatness of his establisher.
7. Nobles Tombs: These tombs are considered rich historical records for the ancient Egyptian lives and important reference to the social studies and administrative system in the newly age. The most famous and beautiful tomb is the Mena (or Nekhite) tomb.
8. Tombs of the City Monastery: These tombs are different from the nobles' tomb whereas they only concentrated on the burying stones only which had a strong religious reference, but above this it is famous by the nice colors and the beautiful scenes. The most famous tombs are Cin – Negm tomb and Bashdu tomb.
9. The workers' city: it is the city that was inhabited by the artists and carvers who established all the tombs and temples during the 19th and 20th families.
The East Mainland:
- Luxor Museum.
- Luxor cultural palace.
- International conference room.
- International medical center.
- Luxor international airport.
- Luxor Bridge.
- Nile Media center.
- Courts complex.
- Embalmment Museum.
For details about Luxor visit the website: http://www.luxor.gov.eg/visitor.htm
Asyout
- On the Nile coast the ancient Egyptians built the city Asyout, but at that time it was called "Syout" and it is derived from the word "Saout" which means the guardian in the ancient Egyptian language, then when the Arab came they added the letter "A" to the word to be finally called Asyout.
- The flag of the governorate contains its logo which is the Asyout arch in brown and the Salah El-Din Al-Ayouby eagle in yellow which represents power, in addition to the olive bough in green which represents peace.
- Asyout governorate is considered one of firmly established and largest governorates in Upper Egypt. Its total area is about 25926 km2 and lies on the both sides of the river Nile and it is surrounded from the East and the West by mountains chains with width of 10 – 20 km. it is located between 13 and 27 latitudes north and between 13 and 30 longitude east. It is far from Cairo by 375 km.
- The governorate the Asyout governorate is surrounded by the Minya governorate from the north, Sohage governorate from the south and from the west there is the new valley governorate, west Asyout mountain and the west hill from where you can find the beginning of the most important road for the ancient trade between Egypt and Sudan (Darffore and Cordphane) through the road forty. This road till near future had a major effect in Asyout history from the commercial and industrial aspects.
- From the east also you can find the east hill which contains Asyout valley which is surrounded by the marble mountains in addition one of the important visit tours there which is Asyout valley protectorate. Also there is the Asyout east mountain and the red sea governorate.
The National Day:
- On April, 18th in each year aysout celebrates its national day. It s the memorial of the Beny Adii revolution that inhabit the headquarter "Manfaloute" in the west desert in the direction that leads to the new valley governorate.
The important visit tours:
1. The Coptic age:
- El-Mahraa Monastery.
- The martyr "Marry Mina El-Agaiby" Monastery, which is famous by the suspension monastery.
- The virgin Marry Monastery which is included in the Gandella Monastery by the Ghaneem Headquarter.
- The virgin Monastery in the west Asyout Mountain.
- The virgin Marry tree in the priest Serabamoon Monastery in the holly Dyroute.
2. The Islamic age:
- The Islamic ancient agents.
- Thabet ancient spa.
- The Magzoub ancient arch in the Asyout city.
- The combatant Mosque.
3. Modern age:
- The ancient museum in the Salam school.
- Asyout arch.
- The permanent exhibition for the tourism activation regional entity.
- Asyout valley natural protectorate.
- Asyout tourism harbor in the Thawra street
- Horace tourism harbor in Asyout.
For more details you can visit the website:
http://www.assiut.gov.eg
Bani-Suef
Bani-Suef governorate is included in the north region of Upper Egypt. It is surrounded from the north by the Gizza governorate, from the south by El-Minya governorate. While from the east there is the red sea and the Suez governorate and finally from the East Al-Fayoum governorate.
- The total area is about 7169 km2 and the total population is about 18601809 according to the census of January 1996.
- The governorate consists of 7 managerial headquarters which include 7 cities, 38 rural local units and 220 villages. And the memorial of the national day goes back to October 24th 1973.
- The agricultural and industrial activities: the governorate is specialized in producing wheat, cotton, onions, garlic and muskmelon in addition to some scented and medical plants. Also the governorate contributes in the industrial activity by producing cement, bricks and textile are examples of major industries while carpets and handicrafts as examples of small industries.
- Famous celebrities: Imam El-Busiry, Imam El-Bouity, Imam El-Nouiry and the priest Antonious.
Bani-Suef monuments:
- The governorate is considered all ages historical museum. As it includes many of Egypt's treasures like the second oldest graded pyramid in the world which was established by king "Hony" last king in the third family and was completed by his son king "Sinfro" first king in the forth family, he was king "Khufo" father. King "Khufo' is one who established the biggest Gizza pyramids. Also the governorate includes varieties of the pharos monuments in its headquarters and villages such as (Au Sire Ahnasiya, Gabbanaa Sdment EL-Gabel, Dashasha, El-Haybaa and El-Mdel)
- As for the Coptic monuments such as churches and abbeys for example as priest Paula monastery, priest Antonious monastery in Nasser headquarter, the virgin marry church in the Byad El-Arab village which lies east the Nile, Margrigis monastery in Sedmint El-Gabel.
- In Mdel, which is a small village found in the east mountain on the east coast of the Nile, a small grave had a child monument inside it was found under the little girl's head a complete manuscript written by the Coptic language on a dear's skin which was discovered after its translation that it is "Mazamire Prophet Daoud", it is now put in the Coptic museum.
- Also you can find the Islamic antiques in the governorate whereas there is the tomb of price Ahmed Shidid in Sdis El-Omaraa village, also there is tomb Marawan Ebn Mohmed in Abu – Sire El-Mlak village, besides there is El-Sayida Horoya mosque in Bany-Sowif city and it is about 18 km far, it lies in a huge cave inside a mountain 17 meters deep. The ups and downs inside the cave is made of pure Alabaster is a superb form. In the east side of the cave there is a small water canal that is lower than the ground of the cave which is assumed to be drainage of the extra water in the cave.
Sohag
The Sohage governorate is one of Upper Egypt's governorates and it is 467 km far away from Cairo. It is surrounded from the north by Asyout governorate, from the south it is surrounded by Kenna governorate. While from the east there is the red sea governorate and finally from the west you can find the new valley governorate. The governorate Nile coast is 125 km long.
- The total area of the governorate is about 11022 km2. It is 125 km long and width varies from 16 – 25 km. the inhabitant area is about 1593.92 km2 which is 14.5 % from the total area. According to the census of January 1996 the total population is about 314200.
- The governorate includes 11 managerial headquarters which are: Akhmeem, ElBelina, Gerga, Dar El-salam, Gehina, Saklta, Sohage headquarter, Tamma, Tahta, El-Maragha and El-Monshaa.
- Sohage as the rest of Upper Egypt governorates as dry hot weather, whereas the temperature degree increases in summer during the day and moderate in winter during the night.
- The governorate is famous by certain crops such as wheat, beans, onions, cotton, maize and sugarcane. Also it contributes in the industrial activities, examples of major industries; sugar production, textile, oil, flour and macaroni productions. While handicrafts, carpets and furniture are small industries. Also there are many big projects in the governorate such as the sewage project, sugar factory in Gerga, Macaroni factory in Tamma and the industrial area west Sohage.
- The national day of the governorate is in April 10th in the memorial to war Ghinna victory against the French in 1799.
- The capital of the governorate is Sohage city and there is Gerga city that was famous by the knowledge city and also by major events such as El-Kusheh and Beet Allam events.
- From the famous celebrities: Sheikh Refaa Rafee El-Tahtawi, Sheikh Mostafa El-Maraghi the former Sheikh of the Azhar mosque, Imam dr. Mohmed Said Tantawi Sheikh the Azhar Mosque, colonel Omar Abd El-Akhire the former Cairo governor and the artist Hamdy Ahmed.
Quena
The quena governorate is located in the south of Egypt within the south region of Upper Egypt. It is surrounded from the north by the Sohage governorate, while from the south it is surrounded by Aswan governorate.
- From the west there is the new valley governorate and finally from the east there is the red sea governorate. Kenna city the capital of the governorate is located in the northern part of the governorate. It is far from the south of Cairo by 600 km.
- The total area of the governorate is about 10798 km2 and it is 240 km long from the east and west coasts of the Nile. According to the census of 2004 the total population of the governorate is about 2 millions and 800 thousands. From which 900 thousands inhabit the urban areas in the governorate.
- The governorate includes 11 headquarters which are: Kenna city (the capital), Abu Teshet, Farshout, nagaa Hamady, El-Wakf, Deshna, Kafet, Kouse, Nekada, Arment and Essna.
- March, 3rd is the national day of the governorate; it is the memorial of El-Baroude village people's victory against Napoleon military campaign.
- The governorate includes many ancient monuments which represents different decades in Egypt history and civilization.
* Pharos Monuments: Dandara, Essna Temple, monuments in Kouse city and Kafet temple.
* Islamic Monuments: Sidy Abd El-Rehim El-Kenaeey Mosque.
* Coptic monuments: Priest Mar Grigis monastery in Arment.
* In addition to some monuments such as Prince Yousif Palace.
- From the famous celebrities:
* The former Minister of finance in the Wafed government, the late Makram Abid.
* Dr. Maher Mahran who was the first Minister of population in Egypt.
* The former Minister of Justice Mr. Anwaer Abu Sehly.
* Mr. Fahmy Omar the famous media representative.
* The famous Islamic Thinker dr. Roushdy Fakkare.
* Also there famous authors and poets such as: Abd El-Rahman El-Abnoudy, Amal Donkule, El-Taher Mikky and Abd El-Rehim Mansour.
Alwadi Algadid
is considered one of the biggest governorates due to its area, and the least population capacity; whereas its total area is about 376505 km2 and it is total population according to the census of 1996 about 141737 with population rate equal to 2%. The capital of the governorate is El-Kharga city.
- It is surrounded by El-Meniya, Gizza and Matrouh from the north. From the east you can find Asyout, Sohage, Kenna and Aswan governorates while from the south there is the republic of the Sudan and finally from the west there is the borders of Libya.
- The headquarters in the governorate are: El-Dakhla, El-Kharga and El-Farafraa.
- From the important industries in the governorate, are as follows: packing dates, carpet industries, arabesque made from palm branches stripped of their leaves, scented oil filtration and some food products.
- As for the beauty of nature, the desert in the New Valley is famous by its beauty and their oases have international fame. The scenes of the low areas in the middle of the desert are superb whereas the mountains surround the oases and above it there are many hills with villages over it.
- The oases are full of palms, green fields and gardens. The weather in the oases is dry and has warm sun during the year that’s why it is considered a famous winter resort. Pollution is the most important feature in these oases; it has been detected that is no pollution in any form found in the New Valley.
- From the most important places there, are as follows:
The White Desert area: it lies 38 km far from El-Farafraa city in the direction of El-Bahiriya Oases. Beside it there is a road which is 25 km deep. The area consists of sedimentation forms from limestone, due to denudation factors these sedimentations were formed in the shape of different animals and plants. Also the area includes many trees that grow between the rocks such as El-Akasya and the palm trees.
Hanse Valley area: it lies 55 km far from El-Farafraa city from the north. The area has many Roman springs which are surrounded by ElAkasya and palm trees and inhabitant by many wild birds and animals. This area is planned to be a natural protectorate.
For more information about the governorate visit the website:
http://www.wadyedu.com
http://www.wadigedid.gov.eg
El-Minya
El-Minya governorate is considered the capital of the north region of Upper Egypt and it is one of the most important governorates in Upper Egypt that was due to its special location in addition to its ancient monuments and its big university that contains 15 colleges.
- El-Minya governorate is extended along the Nile coast by about 135 km long and width equal to 18 km. the total area of the governorate is 610000 km2 and its capital is El-Minya city. The total population is about 3686 million with population capacity equal to 115 person/ km2.
- The origin of the name:
During the pharos ages, it was the location of God "Tehout" God of wisdom and knowledge. In the Coptic area the Virgin Mary church was established and on the same time El-Kiyama church was established in Jerusalem.
The origin of the name was from the hieroglyphic word "Menaate" which is the abbreviation of the whole old name "Menaate Khufo". This name was mentioned in Bany Hassan tombs, it was the name of Khufo's nurse.
The name was then changed to "moony" in the Coptic language which meant the home. From this name was the recent name of the governorate "El-Minya"
- From the important cities in the governorate: Abu Korkase, Bany Mazare, Mowase monastery, Smaloute, El-Adwaa, Mattay, Maghaghaa, Mlawy and El-Minya.
- The governorate is considered a museum and important witness to all the different historical ages in Egypt. It includes pharos, Roman, Greek, Coptic and Islamic monuments.
- Examples of the important monuments in the governorate: El-Lemty mosque, El-Amrouy Mosque, El-Masery mosque, El-Fouly Mosque, Sultan Corner, Tehna El-Gabel, Estabel Antar, Queen Hetshebsoute Temple, El-Omraniya hill, and the mosque with un-straight minaret.
- The important ancient visits:
*Tuna El-Gable area (Greek monuments).
* Tehna El-Gable (Greek, Islamic and Christian monuments).
* El-Omraniya hill (Pharos monuments).
* El-Bahensa (Pharos, Greek, Christian and Islamic monuments).
* El-Tair Mountain (Pharos, Christian and Islamic monuments).
* Ferizre tombs (Pharos monuments).
* Estable Antar (Pharos monuments).
* Bany Hassan (Pharos monuments).
For more information about the governorate visit the website:
http://www.minia.gov.eg
North Sinai
North Sinai governorate is located in the Northern East of the Arab Republic of Egypt. It is surrounded from the north by the Mediterranean Sea by 200 km long, while from the south it is surrounded by Metlla Path until Rass El-Nakeb. On the East there is the occupied Palestine and on the West it is surrounded by the Metlla Path until the Balouza north.
- The total area of the governorate is 27564 km2, with population equal to 306 thousand as 2002 census. In the coastal zone is inhabitant by 86.5% of the population given that the coastal headquarters represents 21.4% from the total area.
- The geographical distribution of the governorate is divided into distinguished parts. The first part is the environmental tourism where the northern flat lands near the Mediterranean which are 20 – 40 km under the sea level and covered by wavy and plain sandy hills. While the second part is the desert environment which is spread out in the middle of North Sinai. Most of this area consists of highlands and many separated high mountains including some valleys between them such the Arish Valley.
Weather:
- North Sinai governorate has a unique weather, it starts with the Mediterranean weather in the north then it graduates to be more likely to the weather in the desert and semi desert areas.
- It has hot weather in summer and warm in winter. Sometimes the winds blow either from the north or North West in the summer and autumn and south east in the winter.
One of the important events in Sinai was the triple attacks in 1956. It was when England, France and Israel cooperated together to attack Egypt. The plan was England and France occupy the Suez Canal while Israel will occupy Sinai but the attack failed and they were beaten.
But in 1967, Israel held a war on Egypt and was able to occupy Sinai, the west shore in Palestine and the Golan in Syria. And in 1973 over the Sinai land was the 6th of October (10th of Ramadan) war when the Egyptian army forces passed the canal and the Barliph line and the victory flags were held up high.
Headquarters and cities in the governorate:
1. Arish headquarter and city: The important landmarks:
- Arish port.
- Arish Airport.
- Zoo.
- Mubarak Park.
- Environmental museum.
- Roman Lhfen citadel.
- Arish ruins citadel.
- The tourists resort on the Palm Beach.
- Steam Station.
- Cornice of the beach and the palms.
- Mubarak Military Hospital.
- The civilized embodied found in the Arish entree.
- The Cultural centre of the Arhram Institution.
2. Rafah headquarter and city: The important landmarks:
- Rafah Beach.
- Rafah Land exist.
- Abu Shanar Village.
- Orange gardens.
- Memorial statue in front of the city council.
- Salah El-Deen gate.
- Barbed Wire between Egypt and Palestine.
- The foodstuff industrial factory.
3. Bear EL-Abd headquarter and city: The important landmarks:
- El-Bardawil Lake.
- El-Farma monuments and citadel.
- El-Tena citadel.
- El-Mohamidya citadel.
- El-balah citadel.
- Katya and Kasrowite monuments.
- El-Zranicke protectorate.
- Hors military old road and El-Soltany road.
- Ramana and Balouza Tourism Beach.
- El-Klice Island.
- Sbika salina.
- El-Shikh Gaber waterway.
4. El-Shikh Zouid headquarter and city: The important landmarks:
- Some special agriculture such as peaches and almonds.
- El-Gora airport where the multinational troops camps.
- Liya El-Haseen area in El-Kharouba.
- Ancient hills.
- El-Shikh Zouid beach.
- El-Shikh Zouid Sabkha.
5. El-Hosna headquarter and city: The important landmarks:
- El- Maghra charcoals mine.
- El-Rwafaa Dam.
- El-Gdiirate spring and natural oasis.
- Kidice spring.
- Mines and stone quarry in the governorate.
- El-Khatmya Path and El-Gidy path.
- El-Miles district.
- Heavy industry area.
- El-Ogaa exist.
6. Nakhel headquarter and city: The important landmarks:
- The historical Nakhel citadel that was established by the Sultan Kansora El- Ghory.
- Arish Valley riverhead.
- El-Hajj old road.
- The ancient portrait of the sultan Kansowa on the Hajj road.
- The famous Metlla path.
- El-teah Mountains.
The important landmarks:
- El-Zeranick protectorate.
- Arish EL-Khamis market.
- Arish Cornice.
- El-Sinawy Heritage museum.
- Arish Beach.
- Zoo.
- Arish West entree
The Red Sea
The total area of the governorate is about 13500 km2 which is 1/8 of Egypt's total area. It lies between 29 north and 22 south longitudes and the red sea coast is 1080 km long. It enjoys warm and sunny weather during the whole year.
The Red Sea Cities:
1. Hurghada City: It is the biggest red sea governorate cities and it is the capital of the governorate. It has many hotels, tourism resorts and diving places.
2. Marsa El-Alam: It is natural fresh aired city. It enjoys pure and calm water sea and recently the tourism constructions had increased in the city.
3. Safaga City: It lies 60 km south Hurghada City and it is the second biggest city in the governorate. It enjoys many diving places and mining industries.
4. Rass Ghareb: It has many religious tourism places in addition to petrol and natural gas activities.
5. El-Kasire City: It is the oldest city in the governorate. It enjoys a long beautiful beach, many mining activities and diving places.
6. Shalatine City: It lies 500 km south Hurghada City near the Sudanese boarders. It has many natural protectorates with many kinds of birds and rare wild animals.
For more details visit the website:
http://www.redsea.gov.eg/topographyA.htm
South Sinai
South Sinai governorate is located in the southern part of the peninsula pf Sinai between the Suez and El-Akabaa bays to take the triangle shape where its base is in the north. It is extended to Taba from the east on El-akabaa bay till the north of Rass Sidre West on the Suez bay. The two sides of the triangle are extended till they intersect in Rass Mohamed which is the triangle head.
- South Sinai is divided into three areas:
1. Coast of the Suez bay: it is extended from the east coast of the Suez bay to the west borders to South Sinai Mountains.
2. Coast of El-Akabaa bay: it starts from Rass Mohamed in the south till taba in the north.
3. Mountains area: which has the highest mountains in Sinai and in Egypt. Most of these mountains have historical backgrounds.
- South Sinai has moderate weather in summer and warm in winter.
- November 19th, 1979 is the memorial of the national day of the governorate. It is when the Israeli troops withdrew from sant Chatrein and El-tore valley and the Egyptian took control of taba again.
Historical Brief about the governorate:
- The triple attack 1956 on Egypt when the Israeli troops occupied Sinai and withdrew in 1957.
- The Israeli occupation of Sinai in 1967.
- Egyptian victory in 1973 and withdrawing the Israeli troops from Sinai.
The natural protectorates in South Sinai:
- Rass Mohamed Protectorate Tirane and Senafire islands: the protectorate lies in the intersection point between the Suez and El-Akabaa bays and it is far from Sharm El-Sheikh by 12 km. the total area of the protectorate is 480 km2.
- Sant Chatrein Protectorate: the protectorate lies over a high hill surrounded by high mountains. It also includes Sant Chatrein monastery, the church and the famous library in addition to a mosque inside it built in the Fatimya ages.
- Taba Natural Protectorate: the protectorate lies in the south east area in Taba city and its total area is about 3590 km2.
- Abu Galloum Protectorate: the protectorate lies on the road between Sharm El-Sheikh and Taba, in an area called El-Rasasaa valley in South Sinai fovernorate.
For more details about the governorate visit the website:
http://www.southsinai.gov.eg
